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| ????? | 11 ??????? 1965 | ||
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???? ???????? 18 ?????? 1980 | ||
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1965 – 4,422,000[1] ??? 1980 – 7,289,000[1] ??? | ||
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????? ????? (?? 1970) ???? ????? (?-1970) | ||
?????? (???????: Rhodesia) ??? ??? ???? 1970 ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? (???????: Republic of Rhodesia) ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????, ???????? ????? 1965 ?? 1979 ????? ???????? ?? ?????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]?????????? ??????
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?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????, ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. ????? ???, ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?? ???, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????.
?? ???? 1923, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? 1922 ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ?? ???, ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?-60%, ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????.[2] ?????, ?-12 ??????? 1923 ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????.[3] ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????.
?????, ?????? ????? 1923, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ???, ?????????? ?? ???, ????? ????? ????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????.[4] ????, ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1930 (Land Apportionment Act), ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????.[5] ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????, ??????, ?????? ????, ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????.[6] ??? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????.[7]
??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? 1939, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????. 26,121 ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ??? ??????, ????, ???? ??????, ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????.[3][8] ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????.[9]
?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ??? ???????.[10] ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????.[11] ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????.[5] ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????, ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ????, ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????. ?????, ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????.
?????? ?????? ?? ?????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- ????? ??????? – ??????? ?? ?????? ????????, ??-?????????? ?? ??????
??? ???? 1933, ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ?????, ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???. ?????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? 1948. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? - ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?????, ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.[2] ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????, ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??????? (????? ?? ?????) ???????? (?????? ?? ?????). ???? ?????? ???????, ???????, ????? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ??????? ???? 1953, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????. ??????? ??????? ????, ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????.[8]
???? 1956, ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????, ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????????. ???????, ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? (1958 ?-1962), ????? ??? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ??????? ???? 1963, ???? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ?????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??-?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?-60, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????.[12][13] ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???. ??????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?-50.[14] ????? ???, ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????.[2] ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????.
?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 1962 ?????? ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ?????? ???? ???????.[15] ??????? ???, ?? 54.9% ??? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????.[2]
????????
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- ??? ????? – ????? ??????? ?? ??????
??? ???? ?? ???????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]????? ???? ???? ?-60, ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????. ?????, ?-13 ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????.[2] ??????, ???? ?? ????, ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??????.[16] ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????, ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???????.[17] ???? ????, ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? 45 ????, ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????-???, ???? ?? ???? ????? "?????".[18] ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? "????? ??????? ????????".[19]
?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ??????? ??? ????? 1964 ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????-??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????.[2][3] ??????? 1964, ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????, ????? ?????-??? ?? ???? ???????, ?? ??? ??????. ?????-??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? "?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????" (acceptable to the people of the country as a whole), ???? ?????????? ??????. ????, ?????? ???????? ????? ???, ?????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????. ?????-??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????, ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????.[3] ????? ??? ???? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1964 ????? ????? ?????-???, ????????? ??? ???? ??????-??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.
???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????, ??????? ?????-????????????.[3] ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? - ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????. ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???. ???? ???? ???? ???, ?-5 ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????, ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????, ?-90% ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????.[2]
???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???, ?????. ???? ??? ???, ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???. ?????? ???, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????.[2] ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????. ?? ??? ??, ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????, ???? ????? ?-50 ?????? ???? ??? ?-65, ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????.[20][21]
???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? 1965 ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???, ??-12 ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??, ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???, ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? "??? ?????? ???? ????? ???" (No independence before majority rule), ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????.[2][22] ?-30 ???????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ???, ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???, ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.[2]
????? ??????? ?????????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- ??? ????? – ???? ?????
???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??-????, ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?-11 ???????, ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ???, ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ???? ?? ???, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????.[23] ???? 11:00, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ?????.[24] ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????.[8][2] ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ???, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??.[25]
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????, ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???????, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????.[2] ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????, ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ???? ?'????? ????, ??? ????? ???????? ????? ZAPU ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? "????? ????" ????????, ??? ?? "????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????".[26]
?-25 ???????, ???????? ???? ????? ???????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????.[20] ???? ????? ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????. ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ???? "?????? ???? ?? ?????!".[27] ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????.[20]
???? ???, ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????, ????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????.[2][20] ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????, ?????? 107 ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????: ???? ?????? ????????. ???? ?????.[20] ???? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? 216 (United Nations Security Council Resolution 216), ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 217 (United Nations Security Council Resolution 217), ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????.[4]
???????, ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? "????? ????".[20] ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????, ???? ?? ???? ????, ??? ??????? ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????, ???? 1966 ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? - ???? ???. ??? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? "??? ??????".[20] ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????, ?? ???? 1979.
??? ???? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]| ?????? ??????? | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ??"?[28] (????????? ??????) |
??"? ????[29] (???????) | |||
| 1965 |  1.31 |
496 | ||
| 1966 |  1.28 |
487 | ||
| 1967 | 1.40 |
511 | ||
| 1968 | 1.48 |
504 | ||
| 1969 | 1.75 |
549 | ||
| 1970 | 1.88 |
651 | ||
| 1971 | 2.18 |
685 | ||
| 1972 | 2.68 |
717 | ||
| 1973 | 3.31 |
711 | ||
| 1974 | 3.98 |
733 | ||
| 1975 | 4.37 |
695 | ||
| 1976 | 4.32 |
676 | ||
| 1977 | 4.36 |
610 | ||
| 1978 | 4.35 |
574 | ||
| 1979 | 5.18 |
573 | ||
?????? ???? ?-60 ?? ???? ?-20, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????: ??????, ?????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???, ????, ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????.
??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????, ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????, ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????, ????? ????, ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????.???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????, ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ???? ????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ????, ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.
?????? ???? ?-60, ???"? (???? ????? ?????) ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?-7%, ????? ????? ????? ???????, ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???"? ????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????.?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?-1965, ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???"?. ????? ???, ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????, ???"? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ???? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????.
????? ?-70, ???"? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. ???????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ????, ????? ?-1972, ?????? ???? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??, ????? ????? ???"?, ???????? ????? ?????? ??????.????? ???? ?-70, ???"? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? 1980, ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????, ???"? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????.
?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?-60, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????????, ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????????. ???? ????????, ??? ????? ???? ???, ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????.
????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ?? ?? ?? ??, ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????.
????? ?-70 ???? ???????? ??? ????, ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ???, ????? ???? ?-70, ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??.
????? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????].jpg)
- ????? ??????? – ????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ?? ??????
??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]?????????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
| ????????? ?????? ???????[30] | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 3,752,000 | |
| 1965 | 4,422,000 | |
| 1970 | 5,206,000 | |
| 1975 | 6,170,000 | |
| 1980 | 7,289,000 | |
??????? ?????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]| ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960[30] | |||
| ????? | 223,000 | 7.30% | |
| ?????? | 2,830,000 | 92.70% | |
| ??"? | 3,053,000 | 100% | |
???? ???????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
| ???? ??????? ??????? | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ?? | ???? ????? | ??? ???? | ????????? (1982)[31] | |
| ??????? | Salisbury |
1890 | 656,011 | |
| ???????? | Bulawayo |
1897 | 413,814 | |
| ????? | Gwelo |
1894 | 78,918 | |
| ??????? | Umtali |
1897 | 69,621 | |
| ??? ??? | Que Que |
1898 | 47,607 | |
| ?????? | Gatooma |
1895 | 44,613 | |
| ???????? | Wankie |
[????? ?????] | 39,036 | |
| ???? ???????? | Fort Victoria |
1890 | 30,523 | |
| ????? | Shabani |
1916 | 26,597 | |
| ?????? | Sinoia |
1906 | 24,322 | |
| ?????? | Redcliff |
[????? ?????] | 22,109 | |
| ???????? | Marandellas |
1913 | 19,971 | |
| ??????? | Hartley |
1899 | 19,606 | |
| ??????? | Bindura |
1901 | 18,243 | |
| ?????? | Kariba |
1955 | 12,364 | |
| ?'???? | Chiredzi |
1895 | 10,257 | |
| ????? | Karoi |
1945 | 8,748 | |
| ?????? | Rusape |
1894 | 8,216 | |
| ???? ???????? | Victoria Falls |
1901 | 8,126 | |
| ?'?????? | Chipinga |
1893 | 6,077 | |
| ?'?????? | Jawunda |
1900 | 4,874 | |
| ?????? | Mutoko |
1911 | 4,829 | |
| ????? | Shamva |
1895 | 4,617 | |
| ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????. | ||||
????????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- ??? ????? – ???????? ?? ??????
- ??? ????? – ??????? ?? ??????
????? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
- ????? ??????? – ??? ??????, ??? ??????, ????? ??????
| ???? ?????? (?? 1968) | ???? ?????? (??? ?-1968) | ???? ?????? |
|---|---|---|
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|
???? ???????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]| ?????? | ???? ????? | ????? | ????? ???? ??? |
????? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ??? ???? | Rhodes's Day |
??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? | 1895 | ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? |
| ??? ???????? | Founders' Day |
??? ???? ??? ???? | 1895 | ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? |
| ??? ??????? | Pioneers' Day |
12 ??????? | 1920 | ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 1890, ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?'? |
| ??? ????????? | Republic Day |
??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? | 1970 | ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? 1970 ????????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? |
| ??? ??????? | Independence Day |
11 ??????? | 1966 | ??? ??????? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? 1965 |
| ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ????, ???? ??????, ?????, ???????, ?? ????? ???? ????????. | ||||
????? ?????? ?? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? 2019 ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????: "????? ????: ?????? ??????, 1980-1965"[32]??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????.
???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????.
??? ??
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]??????? ????????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
- RHODESIANA - ??????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ??????
- ??????, ???? World Statesmen
- ??????, ???? Crw Flags
- ???? ??????? - ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????
- ?????? ??-UDI, ???? ??????????? ????????
- Gallery, rhodesian.com.au, ???? ????? ??????? ???????
????? ????? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? 1964, ??? ????? ???????' ???? ??? ????
Rhodesia 1964, ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? 1964, ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ????? ????????, ???? ??????, ???? 1971' ???? ??? ???? Salisbury - Rhodesia 1971, ????? ????????, ???? ??????, ???? 1971 ???? ??????
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? (??? ????? ???? ?????)' ???? ??? ???? Rhodesia Unafraid - newrhodesian.net, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? (??? ????? ???? ?????) ???? ??????
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ??? ?????? ???? 1980 ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????' ???? ??? ???? A Tribute to the Women of Rhodesia, ??? ?????? ???? 1980 ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ??? ???????? ?? ?-BBC ?? ??????' ???? ??? ???? End of Empire (1985), chapter 14: Rhodesia, ??? ???????? ?? ?-BBC ?? ?????? ???? ??????
??????? ?????????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ???? ???????? ???? 1976 ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????' ???? ??? ???? Rhodesia 1976, ???? ???????? ???? 1976 ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?-70' ???? ??? ???? Report on Rhodesia, ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?-70 ???? ??????
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ???? ???? ?? AP ?? ?????? ???????' ???? ??? ???? Rhodesia Smith Vs The Guerrillas, ???? ???? ?? AP ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????
?????? ???????? ??????:??????
'???: ???? ?? AP ???? 1975 ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????' ???? ??? ???? 7545a Rhodesia: Ten Years After U.D.I., ???? ?? AP ???? 1975 ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????
????? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- ^ 1 2 "World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision". United Nations.
- ^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Wood, J R T (June 2005). So Far and No Further! Rhodesia's Bid For Independence During the Retreat From Empire 1959–1965. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4120-4952-8.
- ^ 1 2 3 4 5 Berlyn, Phillippa (April 1978). The Quiet Man: A Biography of the Hon. Ian Douglas Smith. Salisbury: M O Collins. OCLC 4282978. also includes (on pp. 240–256) Rowland, J Reid. "Constitutional History of Rhodesia: An outline".
- ^ 1 2 Gowlland-Debbas, Vera (1990). Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations action in the question of Southern Rhodesia (First ed.). Leiden and New York: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-0811-5.
- ^ 1 2 Weinrich, A K H (1973). Black and White Elites in Rural Rhodesia. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-0533-6.
- ^ Duignan, Peter; Jackson, Robert H, eds. (May 1986). Politics & government in African states, 1960–1985. London, Sydney & Dover, New Hampshire: Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-8179-8482-3.
- ^ Gastil, Raymond, ed. (1980). Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1980. New York: Freedom House. ISBN 978-0-87855-852-0.
- ^ 1 2 3 Smith, Ian (June 1997). The Great Betrayal: The Memoirs of Ian Douglas Smith. London: John Blake Publishing. ISBN 1-85782-176-9.
- ^ Moorcraft, Paul (1990). "Rhodesia's War of Independence". History Today (London: History Today Ltd) 40 (9). ISSN 0018-2753.
- ^ Meredith, Charles (July 1973). "The Rhodesian Air Training Group 1940–1945". Rhodesiana (Salisbury: The Rhodesiana Society) (28): 16–29.
- ^ Phimister, I R (1991). "Secondary Industrialisation in Southern Africa: The 1948 Customs Agreement between Southern Rhodesia and South Africa". Journal of Southern African Studies (London: Routledge) 17 (3): 430–442. doi:10.1080/03057079108708286.
- ^ Blake, Robert (1977). A History of Rhodesia (First ed.). London: Eyre Methuen. ISBN 978-0-413-28350-4.
- ^ Welensky, Roy (1964). Welensky's 4000 Days. London: Collins. OCLC 460725368.
- ^ West, Michael O (August 2002). The Rise of an African Middle Class: Colonial Zimbabwe, 1898–1965. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21524-6.
- ^ Rowe, David M (2001). Manipulating the Market: Understanding Economic Sanctions, Institutional Change, and the Political Unity of White Rhodesia (First ed.). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-11187-9.
- ^ Caute, David (June 1983). Under the Skin: The Death of White Rhodesia (First ed.). Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-0658-1.
- ^ Wessels, Hannes (July 2010). P K van der Byl: African Statesman. Johannesburg: 30° South Publishers. ISBN 978-1-920143-49-7.
- ^ Wilson, Harold (1974) [1971]. The Labour Government, 1964–70: A Personal Record. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-021762-9.
- ^ Hall, Lee (27 May 1966). "Rhodesia's Face of Defiance". Life (New York: Time, Inc.): 22–30. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wood, J R T (April 2008). A Matter of Weeks Rather Than Months: The Impasse Between Harold Wilson and Ian Smith: Sanctions, Aborted Settlements and War 1965–1969. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4251-4807-2.
- ^ Fedorowich, Kent; Thomas, Martin, eds. (2001). International Diplomacy and Colonial Retreat. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-5063-0.
- ^ Young, Kenneth (1969) [1967]. Rhodesia and Independence: A Study in British Colonial Policy. London: J M Dent & Sons. OCLC 955160.
- ^ McLaughlin, Peter (1980). Ragtime Soldiers: the Rhodesian Experience in the First World War. Bulawayo: Books of Zimbabwe. ISBN 0-86920-232-4.
- ^ White, Matthew C. (1978). Smith of Rhodesia: A Pictorial Biography. Cape Town: Don Nelson. ISBN 978-0909238360.
- ^ Peterson, Robert W, ed. (1971). Rhodesian Independence. Interim History. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-87196-184-6.
- ^ "1965: Rhodesia breaks from UK". London: BBC. 11 November 1965. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
- ^ "Rhodesia: The Shortened Fuse". Time (New York: Time, Inc.). 3 December 1965. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
- ^ "Zimbabwe GDP", TRADING ECONOMICS
- ^ "Zimbabwe GDP per capita", TRADING ECONOMICS
- ^ 1 2 Wills, A.J. (1967). "Three Territories". An Introduction to the History of Central Africa (2nd ed.). Durban: Oxford University Press. p. Appendix IV. ISBN 0-620-06410-2. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
- ^ "ZIMBABWE", CITY POPULATION
- ^ ???? ???? ??????
| ?????? ????????? ????????? | ||
|---|---|---|
| ?????? ??????? |  ????? ????? (1430–1760) ?  ????? ???????? (1220–1450)
| |
| ?????? ?????????? |  ?'???? ?????? (1890–1923) ? ????? ?????? ??????? (1923–1965) ?  ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? (1953–1963)
| |
| ???????? ??????? |  ????????? ?? ?????? (1965–1979) ?  ????????-?????? (1979–1980) ? ????????? ?? ???????? (??? ?-1980)
| |
