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16 ?????? 1863 San Bernardo street, ?????, ????  |
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26 ??????? 1952 (???? 88) ????, ?????? |
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Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás |
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?'???' ???????????? (George Santayana; 16 ?????? 1863, ?????, ???? – 26 ??????? 1952, ????, ??????) ??? ???????, ????, ????? ????? ???????. ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???????, ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????. 39 ?-88 ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ???????? ???????, ???? "?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ????? ????",[1] ?? "?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????"[2] ??????? ????? ???????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? (Jorge Augustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana Borrás) ?-16 ?????? 1863 ??????. ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????. ???, ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????, ???? ???????? ??'???' ????'??, ???? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?-1857, ?? ?-1861 ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????, ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????, ?????? ?? ?-1862. ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????, ???? ???????????.
?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? 1869, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????, ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? 1872 ????? ?? ?? ???????, ?? ??? ?? ??????, ??? ???? ??????, ?? ???? ?? ??? ????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??'???', ??????? ??????? ???? ?????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]?'???' ??? ?-Boston Latin School, ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????, ????? ??? ??????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?'???? ??'???? ????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????[3] ?-1886, ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? (Lotze; 1817–1881) ?????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????, ???? ?? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? (Wallace Stevens) ?????? ?????. ?? ????? 1896–1897 ???? ?????? ????' ???????????? ?????????'.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? 1912 ????? ?? ?????????, ?????? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ??????????, ??? ???? 1920 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ?????. ????? 40 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? 19 ?????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????, ????? ????? (?????? ???? ??????? ???????), ????? ????. ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? "??????? ??????" (The Last Puritan), ???? ???? ?-1935. ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????. ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????, ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????????. ?'???' ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? The Sense of Beauty ???? 1896 – ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????; The Life of Reason, ?-5 ?????, ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? (1905–1906); Skepticism and Animal Faith ???? 1923; ?-The Realms of Being, ????? 4 ?????, ????? ??? ????? 1927–1940. ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?'????, ?'???? ???? ?? ?'?? ?????, ???? The Life of Reason ???? ????? ??? ????????? ????????. ????? ??????????? ??????? ????, ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????, ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????????, ??? ??? ????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ??"?, '????? ?????? ???????', ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??.
??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????????, ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? (???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????). ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???. ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????.
??????? ??? ???? ???: ??????? ?????? (The Last Puritan) – ???? ?????, ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ???????????? ??? ????? ???????. ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???. ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????, ????, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????, ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ?????, ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 2000.
?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? – ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????????: ????????? ??????? ??, ????? ???? ??? ???? ??-?????? (???? ??? ?????) ???? ????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ???????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ??????, ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????.
????? ??????? ???, ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???, ??? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? Reason in Religion, The Idea of Christ in the Gospels ??? Interpretations of Poetry and Religion. ??? ????? ???? ?"?????? ?????", ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????.
??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????, ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ????, ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?'???' ?????? ???, ?? ?????? ????? ?????? (Wallace Stevens). ????????? ?????-?????-??????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? "???? ????? ???? ????-???" (1959) ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]The Santayana Edition:
- 1979. The Complete Poems of George Santayana: A Critical Edition. Edited, with an introduction, by W. G. Holzberger. Bucknell University Press.
The balance of this edition is published by the MIT Press.
- 1986. Persons and Places. Santayana's autobiography, incorporating Persons and Places, 1944; The Middle Span, 1945; and My Host the World, 1953.
- 1988 (1896). The Sense of Beauty.
- 1990 (1900). Interpretations of Poetry and Religion.
- 1994 (1935). The Last Puritan: A Memoir in the Form of a Novel.
- The Letters of George Santayana. Edited by Daniel Cory. Charles Scribner's Sons. New York. 1955. (296 letters)
- The Letters of George Santayana. Containing over 3,000 of his letters, many discovered posthumously, to more than 350 recipients.
- 2001. Book One, 1868-1909.
- 2001. Book Two, 1910-1920.
- 2002. Book Three, 1921-1927.
- 2003. Book Four, 1928-1932.
- 2003. Book Five, 1933-1936.
- 2004. Book Six, 1937-1940.
- 2005. Book Seven, 1941-1947.
- 2006. Book Eight, 1948-1952.
Other works:
- 1905–1906. The Life of Reason: Or, The Phases of Human Progress, 5 vols. Available free online from Project Gutenberg. 1998. 1 vol. abridgement by the author and Daniel Cory. Prometheus Books.
- 1910. Three Philosophical Poets: Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe.
- 1913. Winds of Doctrine: Studies in Contemporary Opinion.
- 1915. Egotism in German Philosophy.
- 1920. Character and Opinion in the United States: With Reminiscences of William James and Josiah Royce and Academic Life in America.
- 1920. Little Essays, Drawn From the Writings of George Santayana by Logan Pearsall Smith, With the Collaboration of the Author.
- 1922. Soliloquies in England and Later Soliloquies.
- 1923. Scepticism and Animal Faith: Introduction to a System of Philosophy.
- 1927. Platonism and the Spiritual Life.
- 1927–40. The Realms of Being, 4 vols. 1942. 1 vol. abridgement.
- 1931. The Genteel Tradition at Bay.
- 1933. Some Turns of Thought in Modern Philosophy: Five Essays.
- 1936. Obiter Scripta: Lectures, Essays and Reviews. Justus Buchler and Benjamin Schwartz, eds.
- 1946. The Idea of Christ in the Gospels; or, God in Man: A Critical Essay.
- 1948. Dialogues in Limbo, With Three New Dialogues.
- 1951. Dominations and Powers: Reflections on Liberty, Society, and Government.
- 1956. Essays in Literary Criticism of George Santayana. Irving Singer, ed.
- 1957. The Idler and His Works, and Other Essays. Daniel Cory, ed.
- 1967. The Genteel Tradition: Nine Essays by George Santayana. Douglas L. Wilson, ed.
- 1967. George Santayana's America: Essays on Literature and Culture. James Ballowe, ed.
- 1967. Animal Faith and Spiritual Life: Previously Unpublished and Uncollected Writings by George Santayana With Critical Essays on His Thought. John Lachs, ed.
- 1968. Santayana on America: Essays, Notes, and Letters on American Life, Literature, and Philosophy. Richard Colton Lyon, ed.
- 1968. Selected Critical Writings of George Santayana, 2 vols. Norman Henfrey, ed.
- 1969. Physical Order and Moral Liberty: Previously Unpublished Essays of George Santayana. John and Shirley Lachs, eds.
- 1995. The Birth of Reason and Other Essays. Daniel Cory, ed., with an Introduction by Herman J. Saatkamp, Jr. Columbia Univ. Press.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- H. T. Kirby-Smith, 1997. A Philosophical Novelist: George Santayana and the Last Puritan. Southern Illinois University Press.
- Jeffers, Thomas L., 2005. Apprenticeships: The Bildungsroman from Goethe to Santayana. New York: Palgrave: 159-84.
- McCormick, John, 1987. George Santayana: A Biography. Alfred A. Knopf. The biography.
- Singer, Irving, 2000. George Santayana, Literary Philosopher. Yale University Press.
- ?? ??? ????????, ????????? ???? ???, ????? ????, ?? ????, 1984, ??' 247–254
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
- ?'???' ???????, ???? "Find a Grave" (???????)
- ?'???' ???????, ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
- ???? ?'???' ??????? ??????? ??????? (???????)
- Works by or about George Santayana at Archive.org
- Extensive quotations from Santayana
- 27 quotations from Santayana
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: George Santayana—by Herman Saatkamp, Jr. Includes a complete bibliography of the primary literature, and a fair selection of the secondary literature
- The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: George Santayana—by Matthew C. Flamm
- The Santayana Edition
- Santayana Society - Founded to further the work of The Santayana Edition
- Overheard in Seville: Bulletin of the Santayana Society
- Butler, Richard, O. P. (1986) "George Santayana: Catholic Atheist," Spirituality Today 38: 319-36
- Free audio recording of Some Turns of Thought in Modern Philosophy from 'LibriVox'
- A weblog dedicated to the thought of Santayana
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- ^ ,George Santayana (1905) Reason in Common Sense, volume 1 of The Life of Reason
- ^ George Santayana (1922) Soliloquies in England and Later Soliloquies, number 25
- ^ Who Belongs To Phi Beta Kappa, ’Phi Beta Kappa website’’, accessed Oct 4, 2009
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